Gum disease is a common yet serious condition that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting your teeth. It can lead to tooth loss if not treated properly and has been linked to various systemic health issues. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and prevention of gum disease is crucial for maintaining optimal oral health. This comprehensive guide delves into the different stages of gum disease, how to recognize it, and effective strategies for prevention and treatment.
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the gums caused by plaque buildup. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. If not removed by regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. Gum disease progresses in stages, starting with gingivitis and potentially advancing to periodontitis if left untreated.
Stages of Gum Disease
- Gingivitis: Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums. It is caused by plaque buildup at the gumline. Common symptoms include red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing or flossing. At this stage, the condition is reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional dental care.
- Periodontitis: If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to periodontitis. This stage involves the formation of pockets between the teeth and gums, which can become infected. As the disease advances, the pockets deepen, and the bone and connective tissues supporting the teeth are damaged. Symptoms include persistent bad breath, receding gums, and loose teeth. Periodontitis requires more intensive treatment to manage and prevent further damage.
Causes of Gum Disease
Gum disease is primarily caused by poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque to accumulate and harden into tartar. However, several other factors can contribute to the development of gum disease, including:
- Smoking and Tobacco Use: Smoking is a significant risk factor for gum disease. It weakens the immune system, making it harder to fight off a gum infection and slowing down the healing process.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can make gums more sensitive and susceptible to gingivitis.
- Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can affect the body’s ability to fight infection, increasing the risk of gum disease.
- Medications: Some medications reduce saliva flow, which helps protect your gums and teeth. Reduced saliva can lead to a higher risk of gum disease.
- Genetics: A family history of gum disease can increase your susceptibility to developing the condition.
Walsh Dental believes prevention is better than cure. Walsh Dental provides tailored oral hygiene instructions. Contact us on : 08 8331 0436 if you would like to learn more about this.